China's Hangzhou sees urban development coordinated with world heritage protection

From the West Lake to the Grand Canal and then to the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, Hangzhou already has three world cultural heritages, indicating that Hangzhou is an ancient city with different cultural heritages demonstrating the clear and complete context of Chinese history and culture.

In Hangzhou, the three sites are all located in urban development centers. This also makes Hangzhou pay special attention to citizens' sense of participation and the symbiosis between human beings and nature in the process of comprehensive protection of the three world heritage sites. An integrated and symbiotic protection method that combines cultural heritage, urban development and urban residents has gradually been formed after years of exploration.

"Liangzhu" means a beautiful continent in water in Chinese. City and water have always been symbiotic in development. The ancestors who laid the foundation of the city always lived by water, and Liangzhu ancient city is no exception. The peripheral water conservancy hub of Liangzhu ancient city is the earliest large-scale water conservancy project site discovered so far in China. It includes complicated irrigation systems and agricultural development and maintenance. It was of amazing significance in an era when human beings had not domesticated horses.

After the inclusion into the world heritage list, it is the common responsibility of all parties to effectively protect these heritage sites.

"The first priority is to protect, and the second is to share the fruits of conservation." This is the principle of the management team for the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, which is responsible for contacting 24 villages in the reserve during the year to coordinate site protection and life and production.

At the same time, Hangzhou has set up a "special zone" model for the protection of large sites, which has maintained the integrity and authenticity of the sites to the greatest extent, including the construction of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City Park. Now the park has preserved and restored the original wetland ecosystem in a large area and restored the ancient country style at that time. Moreover, the routine inspection and technological early warning of 114 square kilometers of heritage areas and buffer zones are strengthened by means of scientific and technological assistance in data collection and analysis.

This kind of shared growth and integration between heritage sites and cities, cities and people have also been shown in the protection of West Lake in previous generations. Today, when wandering in the mountains and rivers of the West Lake, the mark of harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature can be found everywhere.

As early as 13 centuries ago, Bai Juyi, a famous poet and government official in Hangzhou, built water conservancy projects in Hangzhou, organized people to raise dams and store water to irrigate farmland. Su Causeway, a famous scenic spot in the West Lake, is also named in memory of Su Dongpo, a famous Hangzhou official and writer, who ruled the West Lake 10 centuries ago. Since 2002, the West Lake, also Hangzhou's most important scenic spot, has become the city's central park, with more than 130 scenic spots along the West Lake Park open to the public free of charge.

Park So-Hyun, the chief examiner of the West Lake's world heritage application and an expert of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), marveled at the good coordination of Hangzhou's urban development and lake protection at the West Lake. She said that the aborigines themselves are the components of the cultural landscape, and they share the responsibility of heritage protection with the management team.

The harmonious relationship between Hangzhou and the West Lake has never been broken since ancient times. Different generations of officials and locals in Hangzhou have a consensus to return the lake to the people and protect the West Lake, which is a collective conscious act that has lasted for thousands of years.

In the final analysis, the protection of cultural heritage cannot be separated from the efforts of city residents. It can be seen that the protection of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City and the West Lake has really become everyone's business in Hangzhou. In the harmonious coexistence of human beings, nature and cities, and in the continuous protection of cultural heritage, the philosophy of the Chinese nation, its unique aesthetic taste and traditional temperament have also been continuously inherited.