Salute e Benessere
2024 Tsingke High-Impact Literature Compilation - Gene Synthesis
Enhancing rice panicle branching and grain yield through tissue-specific brassinosteroid inhibition
10.1126/science.adk8838
56.9
This study shows that crop yield potential is limited by inherent trade-offs between grain size and number. While brassinosteroids (BRs) promote grain enlargement, their role in regulating grain number has been unclear. By analyzing a cluster-type rice germplasm, the researchers found that activating the BR metabolic gene BRASSINOSTEROID-DEFICIENT DWARF3 (BRD3) significantly increases grain number. A molecular pathway was established where the BR signal inhibitor GSK3/SHAGGY-LIKE KINASE2 phosphorylates and stabilizes the OsMADS1 transcription factor, which targets the TERMINAL FLOWER1-like gene RICE CENTRORADIALIS2. Tissue-specific activation of BRD3 in secondary branch meristems enhances panicle branching, reduces the negative impact on grain size, and improves grain yield. The study demonstrates the powerful role of tissue-specific hormone manipulation in overcoming trait trade-offs and unlocking rice yield potential.
Targeting carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) induces ferroptosis and synergizes with immunotherapy in lung cancer
10.1038/s41392-024-01772-w
39.3
Despite the success of immune checkpoint therapies, resistance and relapse remain common in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important factor in immune therapy resistance. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has shown synergistic effects with immunotherapy. This study shows that the key rate-limiting enzyme CPT1A in fatty acid oxidation, together with L-carnitine from tumor-associated macrophages, drives ferroptosis resistance and CD8+ T cell dysfunction in lung cancer. Mechanistically, CPT1A inhibits the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Myc, which transcriptionally activates CPT1A expression. The CPT1A/c-Myc positive feedback loop enhances the NRF2/GPX4 system and reduces the quantity of phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids, boosting cellular antioxidant capacity and suppressing ferroptosis in CSCs. Importantly, targeting CPT1A enhances anti-tumor immunity and ferroptosis in immune checkpoint blockade therapy in tumor-bearing mice. These results present a metabolic vulnerability-targeting approach to improve lung cancer immunotherapy efficacy.
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View original content: https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/2024-tsingke-high-impact-literature-compilation---gene-synthesis-302302369.html