IDTechEx Discusses New Trends: Radar Modules and ToF Cameras for In-Cabin Sensing

Radar has played an important role in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) for over two decades. Utilizing radio waves with a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) coding system, radars can accurately measure the distance and relative velocity of objects within their field of view. However, historically, radar modules have predominantly been employed for exterior sensing rather than interior applications.

As of 2023, according to Tesla's website, the in-cabin radar operates within a frequency range of 60GHz to 64GHz, falling within the license-free ISM band. The detection distance of these radar modules typically ranges from 0.4 meters to 2 meters, effectively covering the interior space. Though unconfirmed officially by Tesla, recent news suggests that their cybertruck is equipped with in-cabin radar modules for occupant monitoring, including functions such as child presence detection and seat belt reminders.

Similar to radar modules, 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras also find application in occupant monitoring. 3D ToF cameras operate by utilizing near-infrared illuminators like LEDs or vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VSCELS), in conjunction with image sensors. However, privacy concerns surround the use of cameras, even though some suppliers assert that they can address this issue by either blurring people's faces or storing data solely onboard.

An additional limitation of 3D ToF cameras is that, unlike in-cabin radar modules, they are unable to detect people or objects through obstacles. Furthermore, due to their reliance on computer vision technology, cameras necessitate intricate algorithms and recalibration, introducing technical complexity to their implementation. Despite these drawbacks, some suppliers are actively working to address privacy concerns and improve the overall capabilities of 3D ToF cameras for occupant monitoring in automotive applications.

As of now, 3D ToF cameras are more well-adopted for OMS and have advanced features compared with radar modules. However, by comparing the costs and functions of radar modules and 3D ToF cameras, IDTechEx believes there are potential opportunities for radar modules. 3D ToF cameras are adopted in Li Auto L9, BMW iX, and the new ARCFOX αS series, whereas radar modules are expecting adoption in Tesla and Volvo.

To find out more about the IDTechEx report "In-Cabin Sensing 2024-2034: Technologies, Opportunities and Markets", including downloadable sample pages, please visit www.IDTechEx.com/InCabinSensing.

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